| ªA°È¾÷Ãö | ªA°È³¡ªù | ¾ºÙ | °_¨´¦~¤ë |
|---|---|---|---|
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | °Êª«¬ì¾Ç¨t | ±Ð±Â | 2006/08 ¡ã |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¯b²£¾Ç¨t | ±Ð±Â | 1989/08 ¦Ü 2006/07 |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¯b²£¾Ç¨t | ¨t¥D¥ô | 2001/08 ¦Ü 2004/07 |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¯µ®Ñ«Ç | ¥D¥ô¯µ®Ñ | 1997/10 ¦Ü 2000/09 |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¥x¤¤©]¶¡³¡ | ±Ð°È²Õ¥D¥ô | 1991/08 ¦Ü 1994/08 |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¯bªª¾Ç¨t | °Æ±Ð±Â | 1982/08 ¦Ü 1989/07 |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¯bªª¾Ç¨t | Á¿®v | 1978/08 ¦Ü 1982/07 |
| °ê¥ß¤¤¿³¤j¾Ç | ¯bªª¾Ç¨t | §U±Ð | 1972/10 ¦Ü 1978/07 |
Wu, C.P., Y.M. Horng , K.T. Yang, C.W. Huang, and M.C. Huang*. 2006. Female-specific DNA sequences in ostriches. Mol. Cell. Probes (In press). SCI
Weng, M.H., C.J. Chang, W.Y. Chen, W.K. Chou, H.C. Peh, M.C. Huang, M.T. Chen and H. Nagahata. 2006. Contribution of somatic cell-associated activation of plasminogen to caseinolysis within the goat mammary gland. J. Dairy Sci. J. Dairy Sci. 9:2025¡V2037 SCI
Wu , C. P., Y. M. Horng, R. T. Wang, K. T. Yang and M. C. Huang*. 2006.Gender Identification of monomorphic Columbidae birds using a novel female-specific DNA marker. Theriogenology (Revised) SCI
Chen, C.H., H.Y., Yang, N.T. Yen, and M.C. Huang*. 2006. Sus scrofa breed Lanyu mitochondrion, complete genome. NCBI. DQ518915.
Chen, C.H., H.Y., Yang, N.T. Yen, and M.C. Huang*. 2006. Sus scrofa breed Taoyuan mitochondrion, complete genome. NCBI. DQ518915.
Horng Y.M., C.P. Wu, Y.C. Wang and M.C. Huang*. 2005. A novel molecular genetic marker for gender determination of pigeons. Theriogenology (In press). SCI
Tian, S.Z., C.J. Chang, C.C. Chiang, H.C. Peh, M.C. Huang, J.W. Lee and X. Zhao. 2005. Comparison of morphology, viability, and function between blood and milk neutrophils from peak lactating goats. Canadian J. Vet. Res. 69: 39-45. SCI
Huang, S.Y., J.H. Lin, Y.H. Chen, C.K. Chuang, E.C. Lin, M.C. Huang, H.S. Sun and W.C. Lee. 2005. A reference map and identification of porcine testis proteins using 2-DE and MS. Proteomics 5: 4205¡V4212. SCI
Horng, Y.M., Y.T. Chen. , C.P. Wu., Y.S. Jea and M.C. Huang*. 2004. Cloning of Taiwan water buffalo male-specific DNA sequence for sexing Theriogenology 62:1536-1543. SCI
Horng, Y.M., Y.L. Hsin, C.P. Wu, C.Y. Lin and M.C. Huang*. 2005. Identification of animal-derived materials in ruminant feeds by random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting. J. Agr. Assoc. China 6:54-63.
Wu, H.T., C.K. Chou, and M. C. Huang*. 2004. Expression of human serum albumin in transgenic mice using goat b-casein/ human serum albumin fusion gene. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.. 17:743-749. SCI
Chiu , C.M., S.B. Yae, M.Z. Tsai, S.P. Cheng and M.C. Huang*. 2004. Changes in number of granulosa cells, follicular fluid levels and diameter of oocyte during folliculogenesis in pre-pubertal gilts at marketing weight. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.17:1647-1651. SCI
Horng, Y.M. and M.C. Huang*, 2003. Male-specific DNA sequences in pigs. Theriogenology 59:841-848. SCI
Wu, H.T., C.S. Lin and M.C. Huang*, 2003. In vitro and ex vivo green fluorescent protein expression in alveolar mammary epithelial cells and mammary glands driven by the distal 5'-regulative sequence and intron 1 of the goat £]-casein gene. Reprod. Fert. Develop. 15: 231-239. SCI
Wu, H.T., C.K. Chou, .C.S. Lin and M.C. Huang*. 2003. Effects of glucose concentration on in vitro Fertilization in BAB/c Mice. Reprod. Dom. Anim. 38:470-474. SCI
Huang, M.C.*, W.C. Lin, Y.M. Horng , R. Rouvier and C.W. Huang., 2003. Female-specific DNA sequences in geese. Brit. Poultry Sci. 44:359-364. SCI
Huang, M.C*., Y.M. Horng , H.L. Huang, Y.L. Sin and M.J. Chen., 2003. RAPD fingerprinting for the species identification of animals. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 16: 1406-1410. SCI
Liu, B.T., S.P. Cheng, M.C. Huang, J.Y.L. Lin, 2002. Serum progesterone changes in luteal cyclicity and duration of estrous cycle in Formosan sika dear (Cervus Nippon Taiouanus) hinds. Zool. Sci. 19: 1033-1037. SCI
Lin, C.S., Y.C. Wu, Y.L. Sun and M.C. Huang*, 2002. Postnatal Expression of Growth/Differentiation Factor-8 (GDF-8) Gene in European and Asian Pigs. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci.. 15:1244-1249. SCI
Wen J.S., C.J. Chang, H.P. Peh, S.L., M.C. Huang and X. Zhao, 2002. Apoptosis and oxidative stress of infiltrated neutrophils obtained from involuting mammary glands of goats during various stages of lactation. Am. J. Vet. Res. 63:241-246. SCI
Chao, J.S., M.S. Chang, M.C. Huang. H.H.C. Chen, C.L.Chang and M.C. Wu, 2002. Genetic variability of outbreed CD-1 mice colonies in Taiwan. J. Agr. Assoc. China 3: 162-169.
Huang, M. C., J. C. Liao and Y. M. Horng. 2002. Anas platyrhynchos female-specific sequence. NCBI. AF513224.
Wu, C.P.. and M.C. Huang, 2002. Struthio camelus female-specific sequence. NCBI AF513225.
Yen, N.T., M.C. Huang* and C. Tai, 2001. Genetic variation of RAPD polymorphisms in Taoyuan and Duroc pigs. J. Anim. Breed. Genet. 118: 111-118. SCI
Yen, N.T., C. Tai, Y.S. Cheng and M.C. Huang*, 2001. Relative genetic effects of Duroc and Taoyun breeds on the economic traits of their hybrids. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:447-454. SCI
Huang, M.C. * and J.S. Chao, 2001. Regulatory sequences of the 5' flanking region of goat £]-casein gene. Asian-Aust. J. Anim. Sci. 14:1628-1633. SCI
Huang, M.C.*, 2001. Animal Biotechnology: Gene Cloning, Construction and Utilization. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 30(1):45-48.
Horng, Y.M. and M.C. Huang, 2001. Anser anser female-specific sequence. NCBI AF361870.
Horng, Y.M. and M.C. Huang, 2000. Sus sacrofa Y chromosome clone PCRpigsex sequence. NCBI AF236100.
Chao, J.S., L.Y. Wei, M.C. Huang, S.C. Liang and H.H.C. Chen, 1999. Genotoxic effects of triphenyltin acetate and triphenyltin hydroide on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. Mutat. Res. 444: 167-174. SCI
Lin, C.S., C.Y. Liu, L.C. Chang, I. C. Cheng, P.C. Yang,S. J. T. Mao, M.C. Huang 1999. Complete nucleotide sequence of the pig mitochondrial genome. Gene 236: 107-114. SCI
Horng, Y.M. and M.C. Huang, 1999. Male-specific band in random amplified microsatellite polyphism fingerprints of Holstein cattle. Proc. Natl. Sci. Counc. ROC (B) 24: 1-13.
Yen, N.T., Y.S. Cheng, C. Tai and M.C. Huang, 1999. Inheritance of coat. In swine: Results of Taoyuan by Duroc Crosses. Taiwan Livestock Res. 32: 299-304.
Horng, Y.M. and M.C. Huang, 1999. Comparison between RAPD and RAMPO fingerprints of Holstein cattle. J. Agr. Assoc. China 186: 134-143.
Lin, C.S., C.Y. Liu, H. T. Wu, Y.L. Sun, L.C. Chang, N.T. Yen, P.C. Yang, M.C. Huang and S.J.T. Mao, 1998. SSCP analysis in the D-loop region of porcine mitochondrial DNA as confirmed by sequence diversity. J. Anim. Breed. Genet 115: 73-78. SCI
Horng, Y.M. and M.C. Huang, 1998. Random amplified polymorphic DNA fingerprinting for parentage identification in the Holstein cattle. J. Agr. Assoc. China 183: 88-96.
Lin, C.S., C.Y. Liu, Y.L. Sun, L.C. Chang, Y. T. Chiu, J.H. Liu, P.C. Yang, R. Chu, M.C. Huang and S.J.T. Mao, 1997. Alteration of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in naturally occuring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 43: 1253-1263.
Chao, J.S. and M.C. Huang, 1997. Sequencing of the goat £]-casein genomic DNA. J. Agr. Assoc. China 179: 1-14.
Shiau, J.W and M.C. Huang, 1997. The probe of repeative sequence for DNA fingerprinting in Holstein cattle. J. Agr. Assoc. China 177: 1-10.
Lin, C.S., H.T. Wu, C.Y. Liu, Y.L. Sun, L.C. Chang, C.C. Hong, P.C. Yang, S.J.T. Mao and M.C. Huang. 1997. Amplifying the the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA from whole blood and embryonic cells of mammalian animal. J. Agr. Assoc. China 180: 80-91.
Wu, H.T. and M.C. Huang, 1996. Observation of electroporated rooster spermatozoa by scanning electron microscopy. J. Agr. Assoc. China 173: 130-140.
Chao, J.S. and M.C. Huang, 1996. Characterization of the exon sequences in goat £]-casein gene. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 25: 161-173.
Chen, C.J., M.C. Huang and C.J. Lee, 1996. Studies on the repetitive sequence of 1.0PP fragment in dairy cattle £\s1-casein genomic DNA. J. Agri. Forest. 45: 15-22.
Huang, M.C., C.J. Chen and C.C. Chen, 1996. Cloning and characterization of PstI fragment from Dairy cattle genomic DNA. J. Agr. Assoc. China 174: 134-141.
Huang, M. C. and C. S. Lin, 1996. Cloning and restriction mapping of goat £]-casein gene. J. Agri. Forest. 45: 83-94.
WU, H. T. and M. C. Huang, 1995. Effects of electroporation on quality of rooster semen. AJAS 8: 175-178.
Huang, M.C., C.C. Chang, C.T. Liou and M.H. Chen, 1994. Gene appraisement in birds: DNA fingerprinting with repetitive sequence probe. China-Taiwan bird symposium. pp. 57-68.
Lin, J.S., M.C. Huang,K.B. Choo and Y.H. Tseng, 1993. Sequence analysis and comparison of bovine £\s1-casein genomic DNA. AJAS 6:541-547.
Chen C.C. and M.C. Huang, 1992. Studies on localization of £\-s1 casein gene on Holstein cattle chromosome by in situ hybridization. J. Agr. Assoc. Chnia 157: 91-96.
Huang, M.C. and C. Tai, 1991. Genetic analysis of serum and yolk cholesterol levels, and egg production traits in brown Tsaiya ducks. J. Agr. Assoc. China 154: 69-75.
Sung, Y.Y. and M.C. Huang, 1990. Studies on the labelling of sperm DNA with 3H-thymidine in Tsaiya drakes. J. Agr. Assn. China 152: 65-70.
ÃC©À·O¡B¾G¸Î«H¡BÀ¹Á¾¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1998.½Þ ¤§¶Â¦â¿ò¶Ç¡G®ç¶éºØ»P§ù¬¥§JÂø¥æ¤§µ²ªG¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 27: 56¡C
§d§Æ¤Ñ¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1998.¤s¦Ï£]-¹T³J¥Õ°ò¦]°_°Ê¤l/GFP¿Ä¦X°ò¦]¤§ºc¿v¤Îªí²{.¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 27: 52¡C
¤ý±o¦N¡B¶À§eïú¡B¶ÀÀA·½¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1998.¤£¦P©Ê§O»PºÛ¥J¼Æ¤§½Þ°¦DNA«ü¤ÀªR¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 27: 100¡C
¬I«Û¥ò¡B¶¾¸Û¸U¡BªL¤l®¦¡B³\®¶©¾¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1998.Àk³¾³{¾÷¼W´Þ¦hºA©ÊDNA«ü¯¾¤§«Ø¥ß»P¤ÀªR¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 27: 99¡C
·¨°ê®õ¡B§d§Æ¤Ñ¡B©P¶Ç³Í¡B´x¼y°·¡BªL§Ó¥Í¡B¤ý¥@»T¡B§^«H§Ó¡B·¨¤Ñ¾ð¡B§õ©[¶¯¡B¦¶·ç¥Á¡B¾Gµn¶Q¡B³\µn³y¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1998.¤s¦Ï£]-¹T³J¥Õ/½Þ¨ÅÅK³J¥Õ¿Ä¦X°ò¦]¥~·½°ò¦]¤§´O´¡¤Îªí²{.¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 27: 104.
ÃC©À·O¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡BÀ¹Á¾,1997.¥xÆW¶Â½Þ«~¨t®Ö¤º¿ò¶Ç§Î½è¤§¬ã¨sIV.RAPD«ü¯¾¤ÀªR¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 61¡C
ÃC©À·O¡BªL§Ó¥Í¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡BÀ¹Á¾,1997.¥xÆW¶Â½Þ«~¨t®Ö¤º¿ò¶Ç§Î½è¤§¬ã¨sIII.²É¸¢ÅéDNA D-loop¤§³æªÑºc§Î¦hºA©Ê¤Î¨ä§Ç¦C¤ÀªR¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 60¡C
ÃC©À·O¡B¾G¸Î«H¡B¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡BÀ¹Á¾,1997.¥xÆW¶Â½Þ«~¨t®Ö¤º¿ò¶Ç§Î½è¤§¬ã¨sI.®ç¶éºØ»P§ù¬¥§J½Þ°¦¤§Âø¥æ®ÄÀ³¦ôºâ¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 117¡C
ÃC©À·O¡B½²¤µ¥Í¡BÀ¹Á¾¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1997.¥xÆW¶Â½Þ«~¨t®Ö¤º¿ò¶Ç§Î½è¤§¬ã¨sII.Ác´Þ©Êª¬¡B¥Íªø©Êª¬¤Î³¡¤À¿ò¶Ç¤¶¶q¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 118¡C
§d«H§Ó¡B¤ò¹Å¬x¡B³¯¥þ¤ì¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡B³\µn³y¡B·¨¤Ñ¾ð¡B§õ©[¶¯¡B¦¶·ç¥Á¡B¾Gµn¶Q¡C1977¡C½ÞF¤Î¤p¹«F¤§°ò¦]Âà´Þ¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 76¡C
¬xª¢©ú¡B§d«Ø¥¡B³¯°ê¶©¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1997.¤Þ¤l¿@«×¤ÎºØÃþ¹ï²üÄõ¨Å¤ûRAPD«ü¯¾ºA¼Ë¤§¼vÅT¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 130¡C
¬xª¢©ú¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1997.Âù¤Þ¤l¤ÎPCR«e«á¨îú@¤Á³Î¹ï²üÄõ¨Å¤ûRAPD¤§¼vÅT¡C¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 131¡C
¬xª¢©ú¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1997.À³¥ÎRAPD«ü¯¾§Þ³N©óÂùML¤û¤§Å²§O¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 26: 132¡C
¬xª¢©ú¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1996.³{¾÷¼W´Þ·L½Ã¬P¦hºA©Ê§Þ³NÀ³¥Î¦b²üÄõ¨Å¤û©Ê§O¤§Å²©w¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 25: 60¡C
¬xª¢©ú¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1996.§Q¥Î³{¾÷¼W´Þ·L½Ã¬P¦hºA©Ê§Þ³N«Ø¥ß®a¯b¿ò¶Ç¹ÏÃСC¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 25:107¡C
Lin, C.S., C.Y. Liu, Y.L. Sun, L.C. Chang, P.C. Yang, S.J.T. Mao and M.C. Huang 1997. Sequence and gene organization of porcine mitochondrial genome. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 26(Suppl.): 133.
Lin, C.S., C.Y. Liu, H. T. Wu, Y.L. Sun, L.C. Chang, N.T. Yen, P.C. Yang, S.J.T. Mao and M.C. Huang 1997. SSCP analysis in the D-loop region of porcine mitochondrial DNAas confirmed by sequence diversity. J. Chin. Soc. Anim. Sci. 25(Suppl.): 133.
Lin, C.S., C.Y. Liu, Y.L. Sun, L.C. Chang, Y. T. Chiu, J.H. Liu, P.C. Yang, R. Chu, M.C. Huang and S.J.T. Mao, 1996. Imbalance of endogenous antioxidant enzymes in naturally occuring hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. J. Chin. Soc. Vet. Sci. 22: A43.
ÃC©À·O¡B¬xª¢©ú¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1995.¤s¦ÏRAPD«ü¯¾Å²©w¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 24: 70¡C
¦óºÑ®S¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1995.ª÷Âû¡BÅÂÀl¡B¥Õ¹n¤ÎÀôÀV¹n¤§RAPD«ü¯¾¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 24: 69¡C
¿½®¶¤å¡B¬xª¢©ú¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1994.¥H«½Æ§Ç¦C±´°w«Ø¥ß¥~¨ÓºØ½Þ°¦DNA«ü¯¾¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 23: 115¡C
±i®õ¤¸¡B¶À¤ì¬î,1994.²£³JÂû»P¤gÂûDNA«ü¯¾¤§¤ñ¸û¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 23: 118¡C
»¯«T¬¯,§d¹Å§»,¶À¤ì¬î,1993.¤s¦Ï£]-¹T³J¥Õ°ò¦]²ÕDNA§Ç¦C¤ÀªR.¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 22: 128¡C
´x¼y°·¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡C1993¡C³¾DNA«ü¯¾¹ÏÃФ§«Ø¥ß¤Î¤ÀªR.¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 22: 130¡C
¿½®¶¤å,¶À¤ì¬î,1993.²üÄõºØ¨Å¤û»P¥xÆW¤ô¤û¤§DNA«ü¯¾¬ã¨s¡C¤¤¯b·|»x(¼W¥Z) 22: 131¡C
¶À¤ì¬î¡BªL§Ó¥Í¡C2001¡C¥]§t¤s¦Ï£]-¹T³J¥Õ°ò¦]¤§DNA¤À¤l¡C¤¤µØ¥Á°êµo©ú±M§Q²Ä123225¸¹¡C
»¯«T¬¯¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡C1999¡CÂà¿ý¦]¤l¼vÅT¨Å³J¥Õ°ò¦]¤§ªí²{¡C ¬ì¾Ç¹A·~47: 101-105¡C
ªL§Ó¥Í¡B®]¥Éd¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡C1997¡C²É¸¢ÅéDNA¿ò¶Ç®ÄÀ³¹ï¨Å¤ûªc¨Å©Êª¬¼vÅT¤§¤À¤l¿ò¶Ç¬ã¨s¡C ¬ì¾Ç¹A·~45: 330-336.ªL§Ó¥Í¡B®]¥Éd¡B¼B©÷¦t¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡C1997¡CÀ³¥Î©ó§ïµ½½Þ°¦¸gÀ٩ʪ¬¤§¿ò¶Ç¼Ð°Oªºµo®iªñªp»P«e´º¡C»OÆW¹A·~¡C33: 185-195¡C
ªL§Ó¥Í¡B®]¥Éd¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡C1996¡C§Q¥Î°ò¦]Âà´Þ°Êª«¨Å¸¢²Õ´¥Í²£¤HÃþÂåÀø¥Î³J¥Õ½èªºµo®i²{ªp¡C ¥Íª«²£·~ 7: 37-44¡C
»¯«T¬¯¡B¶À¤ì¬î¡C1996¡C¼vÅT¨Å¸¢¤W¥Ö²ÓMªí²{¤º¥~·½©Ê¹T³J¥Õ°ò¦]¤§¦]¯À¡C¬ì¾Ç¹A·~ 44: 20-25¡C
¶À¤ì¬î¡C1994¡CDNA«ü¯¾§Þ³N(°ê¬ì·|«ÂI¬ì§Þ²¤¶ÂO®Ñ²Ä¤C¿è)¡C¬ì¾Ç¤ë¥Z¡C¥x¥_¡C³¯¬ü´f,¶À¤ì¬î.1993.DNA«ü¯¾ªº§Î¦¨¤Î¨ä¯S©Ê¡C¬ì¾Ç¹A·~ 41: 272-276¡C
³¯¬ü´f,¶À¤ì¬î.1993.DNA«ü¯¾ªº§Î¦¨¤Î¨ä¯S©Ê¡C¬ì¾Ç¹A·~ 41: 272-276¡C
Huang, M.C., 1993. Cloning and characterization of milk protein genes. Acta Agri. Univ. Jiangxiensis. pp. 43-47.
¶À¤ì¬î*¡BªL§Ó¥Í¡C2001¡C¥]§t¤s¦Ï£]-¹T³J¥Õ°ò¦]¤§DNA¤À¤l¡C¤¤µØ¥Á°êµo©ú±M§Q²Ä123225¸¹23.
¶À¤ì¬î*¡B¬xª¢©ú¡B§d«Ø¥¡B¹ù«T´Ü¡BªLºûºÕ¡B³¯¨Ì´@¡B§õ¿P¾§¡BªôË|»T¡B¤ýïï·O¡C2006¡C¯b¸V©Ê§O¯S²§§Ç¦CDNA¤À¤l¤Î©Ê§OŲ©w¤èªk¡C¤¤µØ¥Á°êµo©ú±M§Q(¼f¬d¤¤).