蚯蚓處理、堆體通氣與深度對固液分離牛糞處理效能之影響

報告時間：2025-6-20
報告地點：407
指導老師：王建鎧
學生：陳奕汝

動物排泄物經處理後可製成有機肥料施用於土壤，提供植物營養並修復土壤肥力，使用堆肥蚯蚓處理糞肥為處理有機廢棄物方式之一，例如赤子愛勝蚓 (Eisenia fetida) 可用於禽畜糞堆體進行降解消化，將對環境有害之排泄物轉化成蚓糞土。但因蚯蚓生物習性對堆肥溫度敏感，蚯蚓處理堆肥前通常需先將生糞做預堆肥進入降溫階段，造成時間及空間成本較高。故本試驗目的於探討蚯蚓直接施用於生糞中之可行性，並擴大蚯蚓糞肥堆體及結合通氣系統，評估能否增進廢棄物處理效能。試驗使用兩種深度之箱體進行蚯蚓糞肥，並另外加入通氣系統作為處理組，分別為淺箱體無通氣組 (low non-aeration treatment, LN)、淺箱體通氣組 (low aeration treatment, LA)、深箱體無通氣組 (high non-aeration treatment, HN) 及深箱體通氣組 (high aeration treatment, HA)，進行35天蚯蚓消化過程。於蚯蚓糞肥第1、9、18及35天採樣，分析其組成及蚯蚓生長表現，並於試驗結束分析蚓糞肥發芽指數 (Germination index) 檢測堆肥成熟度。結果顯示，赤子愛勝蚓可於生牛糞中順利生長並完成生殖循環，且通氣系統可提高蚯蚓生長表現，通氣組於第18天及35天蚯蚓生長表現高於無通氣組，HN開始蚯蚓糞肥後開始升溫，於第3天達到溫度高峰39.4°C，抑制蚯蚓生長。HA組碳氮比下降率為初始之72.00 %，顯著優於HN組80.17%，並結合其他理化性狀變化，顯示其有機植礦化與腐植化作用進程快速。HA組之發芽指數為158.00 %，顯著高於其他組別，顯示其蚓糞肥無毒性且能促進植物生長，整體而言，HA組於各方面都有較佳之表現。綜上所述，擴大蚯蚓糞肥堆體並結合通氣系統，能有效加速糞肥穩定化與熟化過程並提高蚯蚓生長表現，為一可行之蚯蚓糞肥方式。未來可進一步擴大規模，並於不同場域進行試驗以評估其實際效益。

關鍵字：蚯蚓糞肥、赤子愛勝蚓、生糞、堆體通氣
 
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