論文宣讀

釀酒酵母菌發酵產物 (Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation product, SCFP) 被認為能穩定泌乳牛的腸道健康與產乳表現，然而對於哺乳期犢牛的生長表現與健康的影響尚未有定論。本研究旨在探討該產品對犢牛生理、生長性能及糞便菌相的干預效果，期待能穩定犢牛離乳期間的生長效率，並緩解離乳下痢，以達到減少抗生素使用之目的。實驗分成對照組 (CON組) 與處理組 (YC組) 各14頭30-75日齡之雌性荷蘭牛，於60日齡完全離乳；YC組每日餵食20克釀酒酵母菌發酵產物。結果顯示，SCFP會顯著影響血液生化值與糞便菌相的表現，但在其他生理表現上並無顯著差異。小牛的飲水量與固體採食量隨離乳而顯著增加 (P < 0.05)，而同時期兩組間的平均日增重雖無差異，但在YC組離乳後 (第5週到第6週) 的平均日增重下降較少 (CON組: - 0.16 Kg；YC組: - 0.07 Kg)，且YC組小牛離乳後的排汗量顯著低於離乳前 (離乳前: 418.41 ± 32.80 g/m²/hr；離乳後: 309.12 ± 32.80 g/m²/hr, P < 0.05)。血清皮質醇濃度在兩組間離乳前後的變化趨勢顯著不同 (P < 0.05)，YC組下降 (67.28 → 59.23 ng/mL)，而CON組則是上升 (50.54 → 71.51 ng/mL)；而YC組離乳後的血清菸鹼酸濃度 (1.84 ± 0.33 μg/mL) 顯著低於離乳前濃度 (2.44 ± 0.33 μg/mL, P < 0.05)，也顯著低於CON組離乳後濃度 (2.08 ± 0.37 μg/mL, P < 0.05)。在糞便微生物組成部分，YC組擁有較高比例的纖維分解菌，如Ruminococcaceae、Oscillospiraceae、Faecalibacterium等，這些有益菌能發酵產生更多的短鏈脂肪酸，甚至能促進瘤胃乳突發育與強化腸道保護屏障，然，在本實驗中受環境因素共同影響，下痢表現在組間無顯著差異。綜上所述，添加SCFP對本實驗中小牛的生長指標雖無顯著統計差異，但可能可以有效下調皮質醇，並促進菸鹼酸轉化，使腸道纖維分解菌增加，促進短鏈脂肪酸分泌以強化腸道屏障；然而，涼季溫差誘發的下痢限制了SCFP的影響，未來建議增加劑量或延長觀察期，並透過代謝組學以深入探討其分子機制。
 
關鍵字: 釀酒酵母菌發酵產物、哺乳期犢牛、血液生化、糞便菌相

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