飼糧中添加後生元對白肉雞呼吸道保護與生長表現之影響

報告時間:2026-6-12
報告地點:407視聽教室
指導老師:陳洵一老師
學生:陳普揚
摘要

抗生素類生長促進劑(Antibiotic Growth Promoters,AGPs)因抗藥性之疑慮被多國禁用,因此各類替代品,包括酵素(Enzymes)、益生菌(Probiotics)、後生元(Postbiotics)等,用於增強動物健康和生產性能被廣為研究。後生元相較於益生菌,因屬無活性物質,儲藏更穩定,製備過程可輕易達到標準化生產。而益生菌有菌體轉移至血液,引起菌血症與敗血症風險,因此後生元是更安全的選擇。後生元具生物活性成分如胞外多醣(Exopolysaccharides,EPS),能與環境周圍行交互作用,對細菌生物膜形成具重要作用。短鏈脂肪酸(short-chain fatty acids,SCFAs),包含乙酸、丁酸、丙酸,SCFAs能藉由降低腸道pH值有效抑制病原菌生長。γ-胺基丁酸(gamma-aminobutyric acid, GABA)與益生菌亦被證實可透過調節生理代謝、免疫反應與腸道或黏膜環境,進而改善家禽健康與生產表現。本研究主要探討於白肉雞飼糧中添加後生元、GABA或益生菌,對生長性能、氣管組織形態、呼吸道屏障功能、胸肉品質及糞便性狀之影響。結果顯示,多數添加處理組之生長表現均優於對照組,其中以 POST(LP) 組表現最為顯著,於 35 日齡具有較高之最終體重與體增重,並有較佳之飼料轉換率,顯示其有助於提升生長效率與飼料利用能力。於呼吸道保護方面,各添加處理組之氣管組織形態優於對照組,且 GA20、GA10、POST(LP) 與 SYN 組之 Occludin 表現均高於對照組,顯示其有助於維持呼吸道上皮屏障完整性。於胸肉品質方面,POST(LP) 與 SYN 組在脂質氧化、保水性及嫩度等指標上表現較佳。於糞便分析方面,對照組之總氮與氨濃度均較高,而 POST(LP)、SYN 與 POST(BA) 組相對較低,顯示其可能有助於飼料蛋白質利用進而降低氮排出與氨生成。後生元作為飼料添加劑,可改善家禽生產性能、增加體重並降低飼料轉化率,保護呼吸道進而達到對抗傳染病之功效,並且在預防肉雞傳染病方面提供了 AGP 之替代方案。

參考文獻
  • Ahmad, R., Pandit, C., Yu, Y.-H., Chen, W.-J., Cheng, Y.-C., Ali, I., and Cheng, Y.-H. 2025. The impact of fermented gamma-aminobutyric acid on poultry growth performance through insulin-like growth factor-1 activation. Fermentation, 11: 84.
  • De Almada, C.N., C.N.Almada,R. C.Martinez, and A. S. Sant'Ana. 2016. Paraprobiotics: Evidences on their ability to modify biological responses, inactivation methods and perspectives on their application in foods. Trends Food Sci. Technol. 58: 96-114.
  • Geus, E. D. d., J. R. J. M., and L. Vervelde. 2012. Induction of respiratory immune responses in the chicken; implications for development of mucosal avian influenza virus vaccines. Vet. Q. 32: 75–86.
  • Hoerr, F. J. 2021.The pathology of infectious bronchitis. Avian Dis, 65: 600–611.
  • Salminen S.,M. C. Collado, A. Endo, C. Hill, S. Lebeer, E. M. Quigley,M. E.Sanders, R.Shamir, J. R. Swann, and H. Szajewska. 2021. The International Scientific Association of Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus statement on the definition and scope of postbiotics. Nat. Rev. Gastroenterol. Hepatol. 18: 649-667
  • Song, D., Wang, X., Ma, Y., Liu, N. N., and Wang, H. 2023. beneficial insights into postbiotics against colorectal cancer. Front. Nutr, 10: 1111872.
  • Yehia, N., Salem, H. M., Mahmmod, Y., Said, D., Samir, M., Mawgod, S. A., Sorour, H. K., AbdelRahman, M. A. A., Selim, S., Saad, A. M., El-Saadony, M. T., El-Meihy, R. M., Abd El-Hack, M. E., El-Tarabily, K. A., and Zanaty, A. M. 2023. Common viral and bacterial avian respiratory infections: an updated review. Poult. Sci, 102: 102553.