論文宣讀

氨氣(Ammonia, NH₃)是禽舍常見的氣體污染物之一，容易因集約化飼養及墊料不常更換，造成高濃度的氨氣堆積。研究顯示氨氣濃度高於25 ppm會導致肉雞的生長性能下降、多種器官受損、降低體內免疫反應，甚至引發呼吸道疾病。近年來對植生素(phytogenics)的研究比例逐漸上升，植生素不僅無抗藥性和藥物殘留的疑慮，多篇研究指出菊科植物(Compositae)萃取物可用來改善多種發炎相關病症，豆科植物(Fabaceae)被發現有抗球蟲的作用，唇形科植物(Lamiaceae)有顯著的抗氧化作用跟提高免疫力的潛力，芸香科植物(Rutaceae)具有穩定腸道及調節脂肪代謝的功能，進而提高生長性能。本研究目的為探討飼糧中添加植生素對氨氣暴露下肉雞生長性能及呼吸道屏障之影響。試驗共飼養280隻Arbor Acres 白肉雞，共設計10個處理組:對照組（Con）、植生素組（菊科植物TH1、豆科植物TH2、脣形科植物TH3、芸香科植物TH4）及其對應之氨氣暴露組（CN、1N、2N、3N、4N）。對照組餵飼基礎飼糧，植生素組為飼糧添加0.1%植生素，共飼養35天，在14日齡到28日齡，進行每2天一次，每次1.5小時30 ppm的氨氣暴露，分別在28日齡和35日齡進行犧牲採樣，評估生長性能、血液生化、病理切片等分析。實驗結果顯示，與對照組相比，氨氣暴露使肉雞體重、採食量顯著下降(p < 0.05)，且引發氣管上皮屏障破損、發炎細胞浸潤，杯狀細胞(goblet cell)過度增生，黏液分泌提高，巨噬細胞(Macrophage)浸潤顯著增加，對血清中的IL-1β濃度顯著提高，而添加植生素能減緩上述氣管發炎與損傷反應，並差異性的改善生長表現。綜上所述，氨氣暴露使肉雞生長性能下降，破壞氣管屏障，促使氣管內發炎損傷，而添加植生素減輕氨氣暴露對肉雞生長性能的不利影響，並減緩氣管發炎反應。

關鍵字: 白肉雞、氨氣、植生素、呼吸道、發炎損傷

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