天然矽片與益生菌複方對白肉雞梭菌感染下生長和腸道健康之影響

報告時間：2025-6-20
報告地點：407
指導老師：陳洵一
學生：蔡秉桓

壞死性腸炎 (Necrotic enteritis, NE) 是一肉雞常見腸道疾病，影響雞隻生長表現，導致經濟效益降低。NE的發生原因，主要是因產氣莢膜梭菌 (Clostridium perfringens, CP) 過度增殖，產生毒素所誘發。過去以抗生素做廣效殺菌以控制腸道健康促進生長，然禁用抗生素政策陸續實施，開發天然飼料添加物作為替代至關重要。益生菌能強化腸道上皮細胞屏障、與腸道病原菌行競爭排除作用、分泌抗菌物質和免疫調節，進而穩定肉雞的腸道菌相。本研究選用的枯草芽孢桿菌 (Bacillus subtilis, BS) 具分泌殺菌物質特性，可達到預防梭菌增生之效。天然矽片 (Nature silicate platelets, NSP) 是利用含鋁矽酸鹽的蒙脫石脫層製成，NSP具高表面積和帶負電荷而有良好離子交換能力，可吸附於細菌表面，因此具抑菌特性，可作為天然飼料添加劑替代抗生素。因此本研究目的為探討於白肉雞飼糧中添加NSP和益生菌複方在梭菌感染下，對生長性能和腸道健康之功效。試驗以ROSS 308肉雞224隻為對象，分配至攻毒CP (18與20日齡) 與未攻毒之基礎飼糧組 (正負對照組)、基礎飼糧添加0.1 %之NSP或益生菌 (BS)、和添加不同比例之0.1 % NSP和益生菌複方組 (1:1, 1:5, 1:10; NBL, NBM和NBH)。試驗為期35天， 於27日齡管餵螢光染劑，測定血漿中染劑濃度作為腸道通透性指標。28日齡時收集腸道分析緊密連結蛋白和抗菌胜肽基因表現量，並評估空腸和迴腸損傷與腸道形態。結果顯示，正對照組 (CP) 全期體重顯著較負對照組 (CON) 低，各比例複方處理組體重皆高於CP組。腸道形態方面，CP組十二指腸絨毛高度與絨毛高度和隱窩深度比值 (Villus height/crypt depth, V/C ratio) 皆顯著低於CON、NSP和BS組；複方處理組絨毛高度、隱窩深度和V/C ratio皆較CP組佳。腸道通透性和病變損傷結果顯示，CP組通透性顯著高於NSP和BS組，腸道損傷評分亦顯著高於CON組，複方處理組結果皆較CP組佳。抗菌胜肽基因Mucin2、Cathelicidins-3 (Cathl-3)、Avian β-defensin (AvBD) 1和8表現，CP組皆相對CON組微幅上調。BS和複方處理組Mucin2皆有上調趨勢，且NBH組和單獨添加組間具顯著上調結果。Cathl-3則為NSP組表現最佳，AvBDs結果雖皆無顯著差異，但顯示添加處理組皆有較佳結果。緊密連接蛋白claudin-1表現，NBH組顯著高於單獨添加組。綜合以上結果，本試驗於白肉雞飼糧中添加天然矽片和益生菌複方達到加成作用，可更有效改善白肉雞感染產氣莢膜梭菌對生長性能和腸道健康之影響。
 
關鍵字:白肉雞、壞死性腸炎、天然矽片、益生菌、腸道健康
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