飼糧中添加奈米矽片對豬隻生長之影響

報告時間:2024-06-21
報告地點:407視聽教室
指導老師:陳洵一
學生:顏素心
摘要

在養豬戶面臨的眾多困難中,腸道疾病是最嚴重的問題之一,過去大多使用抗生素治療或預防,但為避免抗藥性及藥物殘留問題,需積極找尋替代方案;另一方面集約化養豬系統產生的大量廢棄物造成環境污染,更加劇了養豬業困難的處境,這些都對生產的盈利能力產生負面影響。粘土添加劑在飼料工業中用作顆粒粘合劑,同時提高胺基酸的利用率、結合毒素和重金屬,並減少動物胃腸道 (GIT) 中的腹脹和其他代謝紊亂。奈米矽片(NSP; nanosilicate platelets)是一種將天然粘土由層狀堆疊狀態中剝離出來成分散狀的產品,具片狀薄層、大表面積並帶有負電荷,可防止病原體感染保護宿主細胞,並有促進生長的功用。因此本研究的目的測試飼糧中添加 NSP 對豬隻的影響。試驗將28日齡的商用三品種肉豬(LYD)於商業豬場飼養,試驗分為對照組(CON)和飼料添加0.1%NSP組(NSP),共兩組,每組3重複,每重複83隻離乳仔豬。試驗進行21週,評估生長性能、免疫反應、血液生化、糞便成分、糞便等級與菌相等。結果顯示,相較於CON組,NSP組之體增重皆優於CON組,且在第18週齡有顯著差異;而FCR及育成率也皆優於CON組,顯示其在經濟上的效益。在糞便成分方面,水分、灰分、尿素、氨及糞便評分上,兩組之間沒有顯著差異,此顯示NSP對糞便組成沒有重大影響,而總凱氏氮量在12、18、22週,NSP組顯著高於對照組,推測是NSP高陽離子容量交換,可以捕獲NH4+和其他含氨基分子於帶電荷結構之中;另外NSP也可能在胃腸道中提高上皮細胞與菌相turnover,促進剝離細胞與菌體蛋白的降解,有促進生長的功效。糞便菌相分析結果顯示,大腸桿菌在6週齡NSP組的Ct值顯著低於對照組外,其餘週齡Ct值都高於對照組,而沙門氏菌及產氣夾膜梭菌皆沒有在糞便中測定到。血液免疫分析中,TNF-α各組之間沒有顯著差異,而IL-6在8週齡NSP組顯著低於CON組,其餘週齡則無顯著差異。在血液生化的分析中,測定代表肝腎功能的指標包含GOT、GPT、白蛋白、尿素氮、鈉、鉀、氯及血氨,各組之間皆沒有顯著差異,惟GPT在8週齡時,NSP組顯著低於對照組。綜合上述,餵食添加0.1%的奈米矽片飼糧,有益於提升三品種肉豬的生長表現,也有取代促生長抗生素使用的潛力,達到翦抗的目的。
關鍵字: 藥物殘留、奈米矽片、促生長、抗生素替代品、豬

參考文獻
  • Chiao, S. H., S. H. Lin, C. I. Shen, J. W. Liao, I. J. Bau, J. C. Wei, L. P. Tseng, S. H. Hsu, P. S. Lai, S. Z. Lin, J. J. Lin, and H. L. Su. 2012. Efficacy and safety of nanohybrids comprising silver nanoparticles and silicate clay for controlling Salmonella infection. Int. J. Nanomedicine. 7: 2421-2432.
  • Consigliere, R., A. Costa, and D. Meloni. 2016. Investigation on the effects of vermiculite-based feed additives on ammonia and nitrate emission from pig slurry and pig growth performances. Vet. Sci. Dev. 6.
  • Duan, Q. W., J. T. Li, L. M. Gong, H. Wu, and L. Y. Zhang. 2013. Effects of graded levels of montmorillonite on performance, hematological parameters and bone mineralization in weaned pigs. Asian Australas. J. Anim. Sci. 26: 1614-1621.
  • Huang, J. T., L. C. Chang, C. S. Cheng, J. J. Lin, S. Y. Huang, and S. E. Chen. 2020. Cytotoxicity produced by silicate nanoplatelets: study of cell death mechanisms. Toxins. 12: 623.
  • Jung, W. K., H. C. Koo, K. W. Kim, S. Shin, S. H. Kim, and Y. H. Park. 2008. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action of the silver ion in Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli., Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 74: 2171-2178.
  • Liu, J. H., W. K. Cai, N. Khatoon, W. H. Yu, and C. H. Zhou. 2021. On how montmorillonite as an ingredient in animal feed functions. Appl. Clay Sci. 202: 105963.
  • Lin, J. J., W. J. Lin, S. D. Li, C. Y. Lin, and S. H. Hsu. 2013. Evaluation of the antibacterial activity and biocompatibility for silver nanoparticles immobilized on nano silicate platelets. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces. 5: 433-443.
  • Li, Y., R. Zhang, X. Li, J. Li, W. Ji, X. Zeng, and J. Bao. 2021. Exposure to the environmental pollutant ammonia causes changes in gut microbiota and inflammatory markers in fattening pigs. Ecotox. Environ. Safe. 208: 111564.
  • Nadziakiewicz, M., M. W. Lis, and P. Micek. 2022. The effect of dietary halloysite supplementation on the performance and meat quality of pigs and some air indices in piggery. Sci. Rep. 12: 20533.
  • Song, M., Y. Liu, J. A. Soares, T. M. Che, O. Osuna, C. W. Maddox, and J. E. Pettigrew. 2012. Dietary clays alleviate diarrhea of weaned pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 90: 345-360.
    Wei, J. C., Y. T. Yen, H. L. Su, and J. J. Lin. 2011. Inhibition of bacterial growth by the exfoliated clays and observation of physical capturing mechanism. J. Phys. Chem. C. 115: 18770-18775.
  • Zhao, H. Y., X. B. Mao, B. Yu, J. He, P. Zheng, J. Yu, J. Q. LuoQ. Y. Wang, and D. W. Chen. 2017. Excess of dietary montmorillonite impairs growth performance, liver function, and antioxidant capacity in starter pigs. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 2943-2951.