探討鴛鴦季節性羽色以及羽枝分支形態之分子調控

口試日期：2022-07-27
學位類別：碩士
指導教授：唐品琦
研究生：林宜蓁
摘要

鴛鴦（Aix galericulata）為季節性換羽之鳥禽，公鳥羽毛之羽色與形態會因進入繁殖季節而改變，進而造成兩性異形（sexual dimorphism）之現象，即繁殖季節時，相對於雌鴛鴦暗褐色之外形，雄鴛鴦具有完全不同之外觀，其羽色色彩繽紛鮮豔，且生長出具有特異形態之帆羽以及特殊色彩與花紋之側胸羽，然而一旦過了繁殖季節，雌雄鴛鴦之羽色則無差異。因此，本研究之目的為探討鴛鴦羽毛毛囊內β-連環蛋白（β-catenin）以及角蛋白17（keratin 17, K17）之表現，對其羽毛形態生成之影響，同時分析繁殖季節內外，羽毛毛囊內黑色素生成相關基因之表現，以了解調控羽色生成之分子訊息傳遞。本試驗選擇3對成年鴛鴦作為採樣對象，於繁殖季節內外，拔除部分上胸部與下胸部羽毛後，分別於三個不同再生階段採集羽毛毛囊，部分樣品固定、石蠟包埋切片，以利組織免疫化學染色（Immunohistochemistry, IHC）及RNA原位雜交法（In situ hybridization, ISH）分析，部分樣品則進行RNA萃取以進行Real-time RT-PCR檢測。IHC結果顯示，羽片狀羽枝（pennaceous）形態羽毛之羽枝脊（barb ridge, br）邊緣板（marginal plate）會表現 β-catenin，而生長成絨毛狀羽枝（plumulaceous）者則無，但是兩種類型羽毛毛囊之羽枝脊邊緣板均表現K17，且小羽枝（barbule plate）皆無表現。此外，K17僅表現於 plumulaceous 羽毛毛囊之生長區（growth zone）以及軸板（axial plate）。黑色素生成相關訊號分子之IHC結果指出，於繁殖季節內外、兩性之間，鴛鴦棕色以及紫色胸羽部位毛囊羽枝脊之生長區（growth zone, GZ），以及底部生殖區（ramogenic zone, RZ）與collar區（CL），皆表現Melanocyte inducing transcription factor (MITF) 與其下游基因Tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TYRP1)。而白色胸羽結果發現，TYRP1僅表現於繁殖季節內外之雌鴛鴦羽毛GZ區，而雌雄鴛鴦白色胸羽其他部位則皆表現MITF。ISH結果指出，於繁殖季節內外、兩性之間，雄鴛鴦棕色與紫色胸羽部位以及雌鴛鴦季節外棕色胸羽部位於毛囊真皮乳突（dermal papilla, DP）、中央髓部（central pulp, cp）、周邊髓部（peripheral pulp, pp）、CL與RZ皆有ASIP以及AR之表現。而白色胸羽結果則發現，ASIP於鴛鴦繁殖季節內外之毛囊br、DP、cp、pp、CL與RZ皆有表現，而AR除了鴛鴦毛囊br及繁殖季節外之雄鴛鴦DP之外，在cp、pp、CL與RZ皆有表現。Real-time PCR結果顯示，雄鴛鴦繁殖季節內之紫色羽毛毛囊除了Androgen receptor（AR）外，Agouti-signaling protein（ASIP）、MITF、TYRP1以及Estrogen receptor（ER）表現皆低於季節外之棕色羽毛; 雌鴛鴦繁殖季節內之棕色羽毛毛囊內，僅ER表現顯著高於季節外，而ASIP、TYRP1與AR表現皆低於季節外。綜上所論，可知羽枝類型轉換可利用 β-catenin 以及 K17 於羽枝脊不同區域表現，進而改變羽毛之最終形態。雄鴛鴦季節性羽色改變，除了AR與ER可能參與調控外，於繁殖季節外，黑色素生成途徑中亦發現ASIP之表現提高，但仍需進一步研究探討影響其改變之因子。
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