可用於產製嵌合雞之台灣土雞分化多能性幹細胞之來源與特性

口試日期：2021-08-13
學位類別：碩士
指導老師：唐品琦
研究生：黃芮華
摘要

雌性哺乳動物於死亡後，其性腺中仍有許多尚未成熟之濾泡，若能將這些未成熟濾泡進行體外成熟培養，對於動物之遺傳資源與生殖能力保存將有相當大之助益。因此，本試驗之目的為建立小鼠卵巢組織之體外培養條件，以生產更多發育中濾泡進而獲得成熟卵子。試驗一以出生後五天之小鼠卵巢建立卵巢組織體外培養系統，將卵巢逢機分配至四種不同培養液，分別為培養液中添加豬隻或是人類濾泡刺激激素組（porcine follicle-stimulating hormone, pFSH; human FSH, hFSH），以及是否再額外添加豬濾泡液（porcine follicular fluid, pFF）組。組織切片結果顯示，四組卵巢組織於培養後第4天，其腔前濾泡數（preantral follicles）均顯著多於5天大之新鮮卵巢者；培養至第8天，未添加濾泡液組別之濾泡數明顯較添加濾泡液組者少，且無法持續生長至第12天，唯有hFSH /pFF組於培養12天後次級濾泡（secondary follicles）直徑與數量皆顯著增加，且取出之卵子經體外成熟（in vitro maturation, IVM）後，其成熟率為15%。另外，應用免疫組織化學染色（immunohistochemistry, IHC）法分析培養4天、8天以及12天之卵巢中次級濾泡，發現皆有表現PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen)、GDF-9 (growth differentiation factor -9)、BMP-15 (bone morphogenetic protein-15)與FSHR (follicle-stimulating hormone receptor)等早期濾泡發育相關生長因子。推測由於卵巢培養後取得之卵子皆為裸露卵母細胞（naked oocytes, NOs），因此導致成熟率較低，故欲改善NOs成熟率，試驗二將自性成熟小鼠卵巢取得NOs以及卵丘卵母細胞複合體（Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes，COCs）進行IVM與體外受精（in vitro fertilization, IVF）測試，期能改善成熟培養條件。結果顯示，IVM培養液添加pFF無法提升NOs成熟率，而IVF後雖能夠提升受精率（fertilization rate），但是二細胞比例（2-cell rate）無顯著差異。由試驗一中培養8天之小鼠卵巢組織切片結果可知，卵巢組織內仍然含有大量未發育之始基濾泡（primordial follices），且豬濾泡液由屠宰場取得，批次間可能有些許差異，因此希望能夠直接以GDF-9以及BMP-15生長因子取代濾泡液，並添加SCF (stem cell factor)共同作用以促進始基濾泡活化以及濾泡發育。由卵巢切片結果顯示，5天大小鼠卵巢培養液添加SCF培養4天以及8天，其始基濾泡直徑顯著較出生13天小鼠之新鮮卵巢大，且GDF-9蛋白質表現量亦較多。由上述試驗結果可知，本試驗成功建立新生小鼠卵巢組織培養系統，於培養液中添加hFSH與pFF能夠使初級濾泡（primary follicles）與次級濾泡發育；自性成熟小鼠卵巢取出之NOs進行IVM時，培養液添加pFF無法提升成熟率但可提高受精率。始基濾泡活化則需額外添加SCF，但始基濾泡是否能夠發育至成熟卵子並成功受精，則需要後續更多試驗證明。
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