利用CRISPR-Cas9系統透過始基生殖細胞以產製性聯侏儒雞

報告時間:2024-04-12
報告地點:407視聽教室
指導老師: 唐品琦
學生:周佳柔
摘要

        做為精卵細胞前驅細胞之始基生殖細胞(primordial germ cells, PGCs),為攜帶遺傳物質之載體,其中雞隻PGCs(chicken PGCs, cPGCs)具有特殊之遷移模式,其衍生自上胚層(epiblast)並移動至下胚層(hypoblast),於HH13-15 stage進入雞胚血液循環系統,最終於HH 28-30 stage遷移至生殖嵴(germinal ridge)並坐落於此逐漸分化為生殖細胞,同時於這段移行期間,cPGCs亦進行大量增殖。由於PGCs攜帶遺傳物質且具有特殊遷移途徑,近年來被作為產製基因編輯動物之有力工具。以往研究發現,當雞隻生長激素受體(Growth hormone receptor, GHR)基因出現突變時,會出現體重下降、腿骨縮短之侏儒性狀(dwarf),而由於GHR基因位於Z染色體上,因此侏儒性狀為性聯遺傳(Sex-linked dwarf),然而由於侏儒雞隻於飼養管理上具有優勢,因為其飼料與飼養空間需求較小,且侏儒性狀不影響其產蛋率與子代表現,因此,本研究之目的除探討矮腳之性狀與基因表現差異,是否於雞隻早期發育便出現外,亦欲建立中興B系土雞之cPGCs,並以CRISPR-Cas9系統將GHR進行缺失突變,再以此基因編輯過之cPGCs產製矮腳中興B系土雞。試驗分析結果發現,中興L2系以及矮腳L2土雞兩品系間,其雞胚於孵化第8天、12天與孵化當日,生長表現均是矮腳L2較L2差, 但GHR下游基因,類胰島素生長因子(insulin-like growth factor 1, Igf-1)之表現量,不論在肌肉或肝臟中,矮腳L2與L2無顯著差異,與先前成雞研究中,Igf-1之表現量於矮腳雞較低有所差異,需後續深入研究。分離孵化5.5日雞胚之性腺,以胰蛋白酶消化後,移至含小鼠胚纖維母細胞飼養層(mouse fetal fibroblast feeder, MEF feeder)之培養皿中培養,過程中性腺基質細胞逐漸凋亡,而cPGCs繼續增生,繼代cPGCs數次後,其細胞數達106以上則繼行細胞冷凍。將冷凍解凍後之cPGCs注射入E2.5雞胚背側動脈,3天後可於雞胚生殖嵴附近發現注射之cPGCs。後續將以構築之GHR CRISPR-Cas9 載體轉殖至培養之cPGCs,再移植至E2.5雞胚背以產製性腺嵌合雞,並透過其後代自交繁殖GHR缺失之後代,以建立矮腳B系土雞族群。
 
 
關鍵字: 性聯侏儒,始基生殖細胞,生長激素受體,台灣土雞

參考文獻
  • Lin, S., W. Luo, Y. Ye, E. J. Bekele, Q. Nie, Y. Li, and X. Zhang. 2017. Let-7b Regulates Myoblast Proliferation by Inhibiting IGF2BP3 Expression in Dwarf and Normal Chicken. Front Physiol 8:477. doi: 10.3389
  • Luo, W., S. Lin, G. Li, Q. Nie, and X. Zhang. 2016. Integrative Analyses of miRNA-mRNA Interactions Reveal let-7b, miR-128 and MAPK Pathway Involvement in Muscle Mass Loss in Sex-Linked Dwarf Chickens. Int J Mol Sci 17(3):276. doi: 10.3390
  • Ouyang, J.-h., L. Xie, Q.-h. Nie, H. Zeng, Z.-j. Peng, D.-x. Zhang, and X.-q. Zhang. 2012. The Effects of Different Sex-Linked Dwarf Variations on Chinese Native Chickens. Journal of Integrative Agriculture 11(9):1500-1508. doi: 10.1016/s2095-3119(12)60150-6
  • Lin, S., C. Li, C. Li, and X. Zhang 2018. Growth hormone receptor mutations related to individual dwarfism. Int. J. Mol. Bio. 19: 1433.
  • Liu, Y., Z. Pu, X. Li, X. Lei, J. Yao, and X. Yang. 2016. Developmental changes of Insulin-like growth factors in the liver and muscle of chick embryos. Poult. Sci. 95: 1396-–1402.
  • Kikuchi, K., F. C. Buonomo, Y. Kajimoto, and P. Rotwein. 1991. Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I during embryonic stage and post-hatching. 
  • Whyte, J., J. D. Glover, M. Woodcock, J. Brzeszczynska, L. Taylor, A. Sherman, P. Kaiser, and M. J. McGrew. 2015. FGF, Insulin, and SMAD Signaling Cooperate for Avian Primordial Germ Cell Self-Renewal. Stem Cell Reports 5(6):1171-1182. doi: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.10.008
  • Woodcock, M. E., A. A. Gheyas, A. S. Mason,  S. Nandi, L. Taylor, A. Sherman, J. Smith, D. W. Burt, R. Hawken and M. J. McGrew 2019. Reviving rare chicken breeds using genetically engineered sterility in surrogate host birds. PNAS 116:42
  • Wu, G. Q., J. X. Zheng, N. Yang. 2007. Expression profiling of GH, GHR, and IGF-1 genes in sex-linked dwarf chickens Yi Chuan. 29(8):989-94
  • Yu, M., H. Wang, Y. Xu, D. Yu, D. Li, X. Liu and W. Du. 2015. growth factor-1 (IGF-1) promotes myoblast proliferation and skeletal muscle growth of embryonic chickens via the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway. Cell Biol. Int. 39.8: 910-922.